Central ideas, supporting detail, inference, and reading evidence from a short text or a data description. The answer must be supported by the passage rather than merely consistent with it.
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Biologist Amina Rahman recorded the number of native bee species in small urban gardens. Gardens with several kinds of flowering plants supported more bee species than gardens planted with only lawn grass. Which choice best states the central idea?Biologist Amina Rahman recorded the number of native bee species in small urban gardens. Gardens with several kinds of flowering plants supported more bee species than gardens planted with only lawn grass. Which choice best states the central idea?
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Answer: Plant diversity in urban gardens can support greater bee diversity.Plant diversity in urban gardens can support greater bee diversity.
The finding compares diverse flowering gardens with lawn-only gardens and reports more bee species in the diverse gardens. The other choices contradict or add claims not supported by the passage.The finding compares diverse flowering gardens with lawn-only gardens and reports more bee species in the diverse gardens. The other choices contradict or add claims not supported by the passage.
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A museum kept its reading room open two evenings each week. After the change, attendance records showed that many visitors used the room after standard work hours. Which inference is best supported by the records?A museum kept its reading room open two evenings each week. After the change, attendance records showed that many visitors used the room after standard work hours. Which inference is best supported by the records?
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Answer: Evening hours made the reading room more accessible to some visitors.Evening hours made the reading room more accessible to some visitors.
Use after standard work hours supports the modest inference that later access helped some people. The records do not establish every visitor's schedule or require any other change in hours.Use after standard work hours supports the modest inference that later access helped some people. The records do not establish every visitor's schedule or require any other change in hours.
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A student claims that adding shaded seating could encourage people to remain longer in a public plaza. Which finding would most directly support that claim?A student claims that adding shaded seating could encourage people to remain longer in a public plaza. Which finding would most directly support that claim?
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Answer: Visitors who sat in shaded areas spent more time in the plaza than visitors who sat in unshaded areas.Visitors who sat in shaded areas spent more time in the plaza than visitors who sat in unshaded areas.
This evidence compares shaded and unshaded seating directly on the outcome in the claim: how long people remain. The other facts may be true but do not test the claim.This evidence compares shaded and unshaded seating directly on the outcome in the claim: how long people remain. The other facts may be true but do not test the claim.
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A library tracked completed reading logs in one month: grades 3-4 completed 48 logs, grades 5-6 completed 61, and grades 7-8 completed 39. Which statement is supported by the data?A library tracked completed reading logs in one month: grades 3-4 completed 48 logs, grades 5-6 completed 61, and grades 7-8 completed 39. Which statement is supported by the data?
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Answer: Grades 5-6 completed the most logs of the three groups.Grades 5-6 completed the most logs of the three groups.
Sixty-one is greater than 48 and 39. The data report completed logs only, so they do not justify claims about individual students, books read, or books offered.Sixty-one is greater than 48 and 39. The data report completed logs only, so they do not justify claims about individual students, books read, or books offered.
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Text 1 argues that neighborhood trees can lower summer surface temperatures. Text 2 reports that tree-canopy projects are most effective when local residents help choose planting locations. How would the authors of Text 2 most likely respond to Text 1?Text 1 argues that neighborhood trees can lower summer surface temperatures. Text 2 reports that tree-canopy projects are most effective when local residents help choose planting locations. How would the authors of Text 2 most likely respond to Text 1?
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Answer: They would agree with the benefit and add a condition for effective projects.They would agree with the benefit and add a condition for effective projects.
Text 2 does not dispute the cooling benefit. It adds guidance about involving residents when deciding where projects should occur.Text 2 does not dispute the cooling benefit. It adds guidance about involving residents when deciding where projects should occur.
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In a profile of a ceramic artist, the writer notes that the artist tests dozens of glaze mixtures before choosing one for a collection. This detail mainly emphasizes the artist'sIn a profile of a ceramic artist, the writer notes that the artist tests dozens of glaze mixtures before choosing one for a collection. This detail mainly emphasizes the artist's
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Testing many mixtures before selecting one demonstrates systematic experimentation. Nothing in the detail establishes the other characterizations.Testing many mixtures before selecting one demonstrates systematic experimentation. Nothing in the detail establishes the other characterizations.
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A city pilot program placed repair stations along a popular bicycle route. In surveys, riders said they valued being able to make small repairs without ending a trip. What conclusion is most reasonable?A city pilot program placed repair stations along a popular bicycle route. In surveys, riders said they valued being able to make small repairs without ending a trip. What conclusion is most reasonable?
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Answer: Repair stations can reduce one practical barrier to cycling trips.Repair stations can reduce one practical barrier to cycling trips.
The riders describe small repairs as helping them continue a trip. That supports a limited conclusion about removing a practical obstacle, not the broader claims in the other choices.The riders describe small repairs as helping them continue a trip. That supports a limited conclusion about removing a practical obstacle, not the broader claims in the other choices.
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A researcher argues that students remember new vocabulary better when they encounter words in several contexts. Which result would most strongly support the argument?A researcher argues that students remember new vocabulary better when they encounter words in several contexts. Which result would most strongly support the argument?
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Answer: Students who read and used new words in discussion recalled more words later than students who only copied definitions.Students who read and used new words in discussion recalled more words later than students who only copied definitions.
The result compares multiple contexts with a single-context approach and measures later recall, exactly the relationship described by the argument.The result compares multiple contexts with a single-context approach and measures later recall, exactly the relationship described by the argument.
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An after-school club reported the following attendance for four meetings: 18, 22, 22, and 25 students. Which statement is accurate?An after-school club reported the following attendance for four meetings: 18, 22, 22, and 25 students. Which statement is accurate?
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Answer: The final meeting had the highest attendance.The final meeting had the highest attendance.
Among the four reported values, 25 is the largest and belongs to the final meeting. The data do not identify individual students or show that attendance stayed constant.Among the four reported values, 25 is the largest and belongs to the final meeting. The data do not identify individual students or show that attendance stayed constant.
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A historian writes that photographs can reveal details about daily life that official records omit. An archivist replies that photographs still require context because captions and dates can be incomplete. The archivist's response mainlyA historian writes that photographs can reveal details about daily life that official records omit. An archivist replies that photographs still require context because captions and dates can be incomplete. The archivist's response mainly
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Answer: qualifies the historian's point by identifying a limit.qualifies the historian's point by identifying a limit.
The archivist accepts that photographs can be informative while explaining why they must be interpreted carefully. That is a qualification, not a rejection.The archivist accepts that photographs can be informative while explaining why they must be interpreted carefully. That is a qualification, not a rejection.
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Notes for an article state that a wetland restoration began in 2019, native plants were added in 2020, and bird surveys recorded 14 more species by 2023. Which sentence most effectively summarizes the notes?Notes for an article state that a wetland restoration began in 2019, native plants were added in 2020, and bird surveys recorded 14 more species by 2023. Which sentence most effectively summarizes the notes?
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Answer: A restoration begun in 2019 added native plants the next year and was followed by an increase in recorded bird species by 2023.A restoration begun in 2019 added native plants the next year and was followed by an increase in recorded bird species by 2023.
This choice accurately joins the timing and the reported result without inventing a cause, a comparison of survey methods, or a starting species count.This choice accurately joins the timing and the reported result without inventing a cause, a comparison of survey methods, or a starting species count.
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A city council replaced several parking spaces near a busy market with covered bicycle racks. Over the following year, vendors reported that weekday foot traffic rose while total sales stayed roughly the same. Which choice best states the central idea of the text?A city council replaced several parking spaces near a busy market with covered bicycle racks. Over the following year, vendors reported that weekday foot traffic rose while total sales stayed roughly the same. Which choice best states the central idea of the text?
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Answer: The change altered how people arrived at the market without changing overall sales.The change altered how people arrived at the market without changing overall sales.
The text reports one thing that changed (how people arrived, shown by foot traffic) and one that did not (total sales). The other choices add claims about opposition, cost, or falling sales that the text does not make.The text reports one thing that changed (how people arrived, shown by foot traffic) and one that did not (total sales). The other choices add claims about opposition, cost, or falling sales that the text does not make.
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A museum began labeling its exhibits in two languages. Over the next year, attendance from nearby neighborhoods where the second language is widely spoken rose by about a third, while the museum's overall attendance was unchanged. Which choice is best supported by the text?A museum began labeling its exhibits in two languages. Over the next year, attendance from nearby neighborhoods where the second language is widely spoken rose by about a third, while the museum's overall attendance was unchanged. Which choice is best supported by the text?
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Answer: The bilingual labels likely made the exhibits more accessible to some nearby residents.The bilingual labels likely made the exhibits more accessible to some nearby residents.
A rise concentrated in neighborhoods that speak the added language points to accessibility. The text states overall attendance was unchanged, rules out nothing about most visitors, and says nothing about future plans.A rise concentrated in neighborhoods that speak the added language points to accessibility. The text states overall attendance was unchanged, rules out nothing about most visitors, and says nothing about future plans.
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A researcher claims that community repair workshops reduce the number of small appliances households throw away. Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the claim?A researcher claims that community repair workshops reduce the number of small appliances households throw away. Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the claim?
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Answer: Households that attended a workshop discarded fewer appliances the following year than similar households that did not attend.Households that attended a workshop discarded fewer appliances the following year than similar households that did not attend.
Support for a claim about an effect requires a comparison between households that attended and comparable ones that did not. Popularity, enjoyment, and funding say nothing about how many appliances were discarded.Support for a claim about an effect requires a comparison between households that attended and comparable ones that did not. Popularity, enjoyment, and funding say nothing about how many appliances were discarded.
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A school recorded the number of salads chosen at lunch during one week: Monday 120, Tuesday 95, Wednesday 140, Thursday 110, Friday 85. Which statement is supported by the data?A school recorded the number of salads chosen at lunch during one week: Monday 120, Tuesday 95, Wednesday 140, Thursday 110, Friday 85. Which statement is supported by the data?
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Answer: More salads were chosen on Wednesday than on any other day.More salads were chosen on Wednesday than on any other day.
Wednesday's 140 is the largest value. The counts do not rise every day, only two days fall below 100, and the total is 550.Wednesday's 140 is the largest value. The counts do not rise every day, only two days fall below 100, and the total is 550.
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Text 1 reports that offering free transit passes raised ridership in one mid-sized city. Text 2 notes that in a second city, free passes raised ridership only on routes where buses already ran at least every fifteen minutes. How does Text 2 relate to Text 1?Text 1 reports that offering free transit passes raised ridership in one mid-sized city. Text 2 notes that in a second city, free passes raised ridership only on routes where buses already ran at least every fifteen minutes. How does Text 2 relate to Text 1?
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Answer: It identifies a condition that may limit when Text 1's result holds.It identifies a condition that may limit when Text 1's result holds.
Text 2 does not deny the effect; it reports that the effect appeared only where service was frequent, which narrows the conditions under which Text 1's result applies.Text 2 does not deny the effect; it reports that the effect appeared only where service was frequent, which narrows the conditions under which Text 1's result applies.
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In an essay about the restoration of an old pipe organ, the writer spends most of the piece describing how the restorers photographed, numbered, and measured each pipe before removing it, and devotes a single closing sentence to the instrument's first concert. What does this proportion most suggest about the writer's focus?In an essay about the restoration of an old pipe organ, the writer spends most of the piece describing how the restorers photographed, numbered, and measured each pipe before removing it, and devotes a single closing sentence to the instrument's first concert. What does this proportion most suggest about the writer's focus?
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Answer: The writer is more interested in the method of the restoration than in its result.The writer is more interested in the method of the restoration than in its result.
Space is the evidence here: the process receives most of the essay and the outcome one sentence. The other choices introduce judgments the text does not make.Space is the evidence here: the process receives most of the essay and the outcome one sentence. The other choices introduce judgments the text does not make.
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A bakery began posting the day's remaining stock on a screen near its door each afternoon. Over the next six months, the amount of unsold bread discarded at closing fell, and the bakery did not reduce how much it baked. Which choice is best supported by the text?A bakery began posting the day's remaining stock on a screen near its door each afternoon. Over the next six months, the amount of unsold bread discarded at closing fell, and the bakery did not reduce how much it baked. Which choice is best supported by the text?
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Answer: Afternoon customers likely shifted their purchases toward items the bakery had in surplus.Afternoon customers likely shifted their purchases toward items the bakery had in surplus.
Less waste with unchanged production means more of what was left over was sold, and the screen is the only stated change. The text explicitly rules out baking less, and says nothing about total costs or morning traffic.Less waste with unchanged production means more of what was left over was sold, and the screen is the only stated change. The text explicitly rules out baking less, and says nothing about total costs or morning traffic.
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A student argues that lengthening the passing period between classes reduces lateness. Which finding, if true, would most weaken the argument?A student argues that lengthening the passing period between classes reduces lateness. Which finding, if true, would most weaken the argument?
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Answer: Schools that lengthened their passing periods reported the same rate of lateness as before the change.Schools that lengthened their passing periods reported the same rate of lateness as before the change.
The argument predicts less lateness, so evidence that lateness did not change directly opposes it. Preference, class length, and record-keeping differences do not tell us whether lateness fell.The argument predicts less lateness, so evidence that lateness did not change directly opposes it. Preference, class length, and record-keeping differences do not tell us whether lateness fell.
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A survey asked 400 residents which park feature they used most: walking paths 180, playground 96, sports courts 84, garden 40. Which statement is supported by the data?A survey asked 400 residents which park feature they used most: walking paths 180, playground 96, sports courts 84, garden 40. Which statement is supported by the data?
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Answer: Walking paths were chosen by more residents than the playground and garden combined.Walking paths were chosen by more residents than the playground and garden combined.
Walking paths drew 180, while the playground and garden together drew 96 + 40 = 136. The garden, not the sports courts, was chosen least, and the playground's 96 is far below half of 400.Walking paths drew 180, while the playground and garden together drew 96 + 40 = 136. The garden, not the sports courts, was chosen least, and the playground's 96 is far below half of 400.
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Text 1 argues that handwritten notes aid recall because writing is slower and forces a student to summarize. Text 2 reports that students who typed their notes but were instructed to summarize rather than transcribe recalled as much as students who wrote by hand. What does Text 2 most strongly imply about Text 1?Text 1 argues that handwritten notes aid recall because writing is slower and forces a student to summarize. Text 2 reports that students who typed their notes but were instructed to summarize rather than transcribe recalled as much as students who wrote by hand. What does Text 2 most strongly imply about Text 1?
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Answer: The benefit Text 1 attributes to handwriting may come instead from summarizing.The benefit Text 1 attributes to handwriting may come instead from summarizing.
Text 2 holds summarizing constant across both methods and finds equal recall, which points to summarizing rather than the writing method as the active ingredient. It does not claim typing is superior or that recall is unaffected.Text 2 holds summarizing constant across both methods and finds equal recall, which points to summarizing rather than the writing method as the active ingredient. It does not claim typing is superior or that recall is unaffected.
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Notes: A neighborhood association planted 60 street trees in 2020, and 54 were alive in 2024. A nearby association planted 45 trees the same year, and 27 were alive in 2024. The first association watered new trees weekly for two summers. The student wants to emphasize the difference in survival between the two groups. Which choice best uses the notes?Notes: A neighborhood association planted 60 street trees in 2020, and 54 were alive in 2024. A nearby association planted 45 trees the same year, and 27 were alive in 2024. The first association watered new trees weekly for two summers. The student wants to emphasize the difference in survival between the two groups. Which choice best uses the notes?
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Answer: Of the trees planted in 2020, 54 of 60 survived where volunteers watered weekly, compared with 27 of 45 where they did not.Of the trees planted in 2020, 54 of 60 survived where volunteers watered weekly, compared with 27 of 45 where they did not.
Only this choice states both survival figures side by side, which is what emphasizing a difference requires. The others report a single fact and invite no comparison.Only this choice states both survival figures side by side, which is what emphasizing a difference requires. The others report a single fact and invite no comparison.
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A team argues that placing benches along a hospital corridor helps recovering patients walk further. Which finding, if true, would most weaken the argument?A team argues that placing benches along a hospital corridor helps recovering patients walk further. Which finding, if true, would most weaken the argument?
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Answer: Patients on corridors with benches walked the same total distance as patients on corridors without them.Patients on corridors with benches walked the same total distance as patients on corridors without them.
The argument predicts greater walking distance. A comparison showing no difference in distance opposes it directly, whereas installation timing, patient comfort, and corridor width leave the prediction untested.The argument predicts greater walking distance. A comparison showing no difference in distance opposes it directly, whereas installation timing, patient comfort, and corridor width leave the prediction untested.
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A publisher released two editions of the same novel: one with the author's original ending and one with a revised ending. Readers who bought the revised edition were more likely to buy the author's next book, though the two groups rated the novel equally. Which choice is best supported?A publisher released two editions of the same novel: one with the author's original ending and one with a revised ending. Readers who bought the revised edition were more likely to buy the author's next book, though the two groups rated the novel equally. Which choice is best supported?
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Answer: Something other than overall enjoyment influenced whether readers returned for the next book.Something other than overall enjoyment influenced whether readers returned for the next book.
Equal ratings rule out overall enjoyment as the explanation, yet the groups differed in repeat purchases, so some other factor is at work. The remaining choices assert preferences, sales, or motives the text does not report.Equal ratings rule out overall enjoyment as the explanation, yet the groups differed in repeat purchases, so some other factor is at work. The remaining choices assert preferences, sales, or motives the text does not report.
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A cycling group logged rides over four months: March 62, April 88, May 84, June 110. Which statement is supported by the data?A cycling group logged rides over four months: March 62, April 88, May 84, June 110. Which statement is supported by the data?
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Answer: June had more rides than March and May individually.June had more rides than March and May individually.
June's 110 exceeds both March's 62 and May's 84. Rides fell from April to May, April and May total 172 against 172 for March and June, and the four-month total is 344.June's 110 exceeds both March's 62 and May's 84. Rides fell from April to May, April and May total 172 against 172 for March and June, and the four-month total is 344.
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A cooperative bakery lets each member set the price of the bread they bake. Members report that prices have converged over time even though no rule requires it. Which choice best states the central idea?A cooperative bakery lets each member set the price of the bread they bake. Members report that prices have converged over time even though no rule requires it. Which choice best states the central idea?
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Answer: Prices settled into a common range through the members' own choices rather than through a rule.Prices settled into a common range through the members' own choices rather than through a rule.
The text emphasizes convergence in the absence of a requirement. The other choices contradict the stated absence of a rule or add comparisons and disputes the text does not mention.The text emphasizes convergence in the absence of a requirement. The other choices contradict the stated absence of a rule or add comparisons and disputes the text does not mention.
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A regional airline replaced its printed timetables with a mobile application. Bookings made more than a month in advance rose, while total bookings were unchanged and calls to the booking line fell by half. Which choice best states the central idea?A regional airline replaced its printed timetables with a mobile application. Bookings made more than a month in advance rose, while total bookings were unchanged and calls to the booking line fell by half. Which choice best states the central idea?
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Answer: The change shifted when and how passengers booked without changing how many did.The change shifted when and how passengers booked without changing how many did.
Two things moved — timing and channel — and one did not: the total. The other options assert losses, costs, or growth the text explicitly rules out or never mentions.Two things moved — timing and channel — and one did not: the total. The other options assert losses, costs, or growth the text explicitly rules out or never mentions.
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An educator claims that reading aloud to children before age four improves their later vocabulary. Which finding would most strongly support the claim?An educator claims that reading aloud to children before age four improves their later vocabulary. Which finding would most strongly support the claim?
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Answer: Children read to daily before age four had larger vocabularies at age eight than otherwise similar children who were not.Children read to daily before age four had larger vocabularies at age eight than otherwise similar children who were not.
The claim is about a later outcome, so support must compare that outcome between children who were and were not read to. Parental enjoyment, book vocabulary, and the age of the recommendation measure something else.The claim is about a later outcome, so support must compare that outcome between children who were and were not read to. Parental enjoyment, book vocabulary, and the age of the recommendation measure something else.
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An orchestra moved its Friday concerts from 8 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. Attendance rose among people living more than twenty miles away and was unchanged among those living closer. Which choice is best supported?An orchestra moved its Friday concerts from 8 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. Attendance rose among people living more than twenty miles away and was unchanged among those living closer. Which choice is best supported?
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Answer: The later finish had been a barrier for some people traveling a longer distance.The later finish had been a barrier for some people traveling a longer distance.
The rise is concentrated among distant attendees, for whom an earlier finish matters most; the unchanged local figure gives no reason to infer a local preference. Programming and prices are not mentioned.The rise is concentrated among distant attendees, for whom an earlier finish matters most; the unchanged local figure gives no reason to infer a local preference. Programming and prices are not mentioned.
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A shelter recorded adoptions by season: spring 88, summer 124, autumn 96, winter 72. Which statement is supported by the data?A shelter recorded adoptions by season: spring 88, summer 124, autumn 96, winter 72. Which statement is supported by the data?
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Answer: Summer adoptions exceeded winter adoptions by more than 50.Summer adoptions exceeded winter adoptions by more than 50.
Summer's 124 exceeds winter's 72 by 52. Adoptions did not rise steadily, autumn's 96 is the second highest rather than second lowest, and the total is 380.Summer's 124 exceeds winter's 72 by 52. Adoptions did not rise steadily, autumn's 96 is the second highest rather than second lowest, and the total is 380.
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Text 1 argues that museums should display objects with minimal labelling so visitors look closely. Text 2 reports that visitors given no contextual information spent less time with objects, not more. Text 2 primarilyText 1 argues that museums should display objects with minimal labelling so visitors look closely. Text 2 reports that visitors given no contextual information spent less time with objects, not more. Text 2 primarily
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Answer: offers evidence against the mechanism Text 1 relies on.offers evidence against the mechanism Text 1 relies on.
Text 1 assumes that less labelling produces closer looking; Text 2 reports the opposite outcome, which undercuts the mechanism rather than supporting or restating it.Text 1 assumes that less labelling produces closer looking; Text 2 reports the opposite outcome, which undercuts the mechanism rather than supporting or restating it.
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Notes: A repair cafe opened in 2021. Volunteers fixed 410 items in its first year and 980 in 2024. About 70 percent of items brought in are repaired successfully. The student wants to emphasize the growth in the cafe's activity. Which choice best uses the notes?Notes: A repair cafe opened in 2021. Volunteers fixed 410 items in its first year and 980 in 2024. About 70 percent of items brought in are repaired successfully. The student wants to emphasize the growth in the cafe's activity. Which choice best uses the notes?
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Answer: Volunteers at the repair cafe fixed 410 items in 2021 and 980 in 2024.Volunteers at the repair cafe fixed 410 items in 2021 and 980 in 2024.
Growth is a change over time, so the choice must carry both figures. The success rate, the opening year, and a single year's total each state one fact and show no change.Growth is a change over time, so the choice must carry both figures. The success rate, the opening year, and a single year's total each state one fact and show no change.
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A publisher offered two editions of a reference book: a printed volume and a subscription to the same text online. Libraries bought the printed volume at four times the rate of the subscription, and librarians surveyed said the printed volume was easier to lend to several readers in one day. Which choice best states the central idea?A publisher offered two editions of a reference book: a printed volume and a subscription to the same text online. Libraries bought the printed volume at four times the rate of the subscription, and librarians surveyed said the printed volume was easier to lend to several readers in one day. Which choice best states the central idea?
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Answer: A practical difference in how the two formats circulate, rather than a preference for print, explains the buying pattern.A practical difference in how the two formats circulate, rather than a preference for print, explains the buying pattern.
The text pairs the buying pattern with a stated reason about lending, which is a practical constraint rather than a taste. Price, screen preference, and content are never mentioned.The text pairs the buying pattern with a stated reason about lending, which is a practical constraint rather than a taste. Price, screen preference, and content are never mentioned.
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A researcher claims that installing bird-safe glass reduces collisions at office buildings. Which finding would most strongly support the claim?A researcher claims that installing bird-safe glass reduces collisions at office buildings. Which finding would most strongly support the claim?
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Answer: Buildings that installed the glass recorded fewer collisions afterwards than comparable buildings that did not.Buildings that installed the glass recorded fewer collisions afterwards than comparable buildings that did not.
A claim about an effect needs a comparison between buildings with and without the change. Availability, professional opinion, and seasonality say nothing about whether the glass reduced anything.A claim about an effect needs a comparison between buildings with and without the change. Availability, professional opinion, and seasonality say nothing about whether the glass reduced anything.
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A bakery moved its opening time from 7 a.m. to 6 a.m. Sales in the first hour were small, but total daily sales rose by about a tenth, and the bakery reported selling out of bread less often. Which choice is best supported?A bakery moved its opening time from 7 a.m. to 6 a.m. Sales in the first hour were small, but total daily sales rose by about a tenth, and the bakery reported selling out of bread less often. Which choice is best supported?
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Answer: The earlier opening changed how the day's baking was distributed rather than simply adding an hour of sales.The earlier opening changed how the day's baking was distributed rather than simply adding an hour of sales.
First-hour sales were small, so the extra hour cannot account for a tenth more sales; selling out less often points to redistribution across the day. The text does not report more baking or say when most customers arrive.First-hour sales were small, so the extra hour cannot account for a tenth more sales; selling out less often points to redistribution across the day. The text does not report more baking or say when most customers arrive.
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A theatre recorded ticket sales for four productions: 480, 610, 350, and 560. Which statement is supported by the data?A theatre recorded ticket sales for four productions: 480, 610, 350, and 560. Which statement is supported by the data?
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Answer: Two of the four productions sold more than 500 tickets.Two of the four productions sold more than 500 tickets.
Only 610 and 560 exceed 500, which is two of the four. The 350 figure defeats the second choice, sales fell twice so they did not rise each time, and half of 610 is 305, which 350 exceeds.Only 610 and 560 exceed 500, which is two of the four. The 350 figure defeats the second choice, sales fell twice so they did not rise each time, and half of 610 is 305, which 350 exceeds.
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Text 1 argues that free museum entry increases the range of people who visit. Text 2 reports that after entry charges were removed at one museum, total visits rose sharply while the mix of ZIP codes represented was unchanged. Text 2 primarilyText 1 argues that free museum entry increases the range of people who visit. Text 2 reports that after entry charges were removed at one museum, total visits rose sharply while the mix of ZIP codes represented was unchanged. Text 2 primarily
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Answer: challenges the specific benefit Text 1 claims while confirming a different one.challenges the specific benefit Text 1 claims while confirming a different one.
Text 1's claim is about range, and Text 2 reports range unchanged while volume rose. It therefore undercuts the stated benefit and supports a different one, rather than confirming or restating.Text 1's claim is about range, and Text 2 reports range unchanged while volume rose. It therefore undercuts the stated benefit and supports a different one, rather than confirming or restating.
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Notes: A footpath was resurfaced in 2022. Before resurfacing, 200 walkers used it weekly. After, 340 used it weekly. The path is 2 kilometers long. The student wants to emphasize the increase in use. Which choice best uses the notes?Notes: A footpath was resurfaced in 2022. Before resurfacing, 200 walkers used it weekly. After, 340 used it weekly. The path is 2 kilometers long. The student wants to emphasize the increase in use. Which choice best uses the notes?
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Answer: Weekly use of the footpath rose from 200 walkers to 340 after it was resurfaced in 2022.Weekly use of the footpath rose from 200 walkers to 340 after it was resurfaced in 2022.
An increase needs both figures. The others give a length, a single current figure, or a reason the notes do not contain.An increase needs both figures. The others give a length, a single current figure, or a reason the notes do not contain.
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A student argues that later school start times improve attendance. Which finding would most weaken the argument?A student argues that later school start times improve attendance. Which finding would most weaken the argument?
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Answer: Schools that moved their start time later recorded the same attendance rate as before.Schools that moved their start time later recorded the same attendance rate as before.
The argument predicts better attendance, so evidence that attendance did not move opposes it directly. Preference, commuting, and timing leave the prediction untested.The argument predicts better attendance, so evidence that attendance did not move opposes it directly. Preference, commuting, and timing leave the prediction untested.
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An orchestra published its rehearsal recordings online. Concert attendance was unchanged, but recording downloads were highest in the week before each concert and fell sharply afterwards. Which choice is best supported?An orchestra published its rehearsal recordings online. Concert attendance was unchanged, but recording downloads were highest in the week before each concert and fell sharply afterwards. Which choice is best supported?
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Answer: The recordings were used mainly as preparation by people who were going to attend anyway.The recordings were used mainly as preparation by people who were going to attend anyway.
A download pattern that peaks before each concert and collapses after it fits preparation rather than substitution, and attendance was unchanged. The text gives no locations and makes no recommendation.A download pattern that peaks before each concert and collapses after it fits preparation rather than substitution, and attendance was unchanged. The text gives no locations and makes no recommendation.
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A hospital replaced its paper wayfinding signs with digital screens showing the same information. Staff reported being asked for directions just as often as before, though visitors said the screens looked clearer. Which choice best states the central idea?A hospital replaced its paper wayfinding signs with digital screens showing the same information. Staff reported being asked for directions just as often as before, though visitors said the screens looked clearer. Which choice best states the central idea?
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Answer: A change that improved how the information looked did not change how well people found their way.A change that improved how the information looked did not change how well people found their way.
Two findings are reported: clarity improved and requests for directions did not fall. The other choices contradict the stated clarity or add attitudes the text never mentions.Two findings are reported: clarity improved and requests for directions did not fall. The other choices contradict the stated clarity or add attitudes the text never mentions.
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A supermarket moved its bakery from the back of the store to just inside the entrance. Bread sales were unchanged, but sales of items stocked near the old bakery location fell by about a fifth. Which choice is best supported?A supermarket moved its bakery from the back of the store to just inside the entrance. Bread sales were unchanged, but sales of items stocked near the old bakery location fell by about a fifth. Which choice is best supported?
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Answer: Shoppers who previously walked to the back of the store were passing those items on the way.Shoppers who previously walked to the back of the store were passing those items on the way.
Bread sales held while nearby sales fell, which points to lost footfall rather than lost interest in bread. Prices and convenience are never mentioned.Bread sales held while nearby sales fell, which points to lost footfall rather than lost interest in bread. Prices and convenience are never mentioned.
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A researcher claims that captioned video helps students remember lecture content. Which finding would most strongly support the claim?A researcher claims that captioned video helps students remember lecture content. Which finding would most strongly support the claim?
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Answer: Students who watched captioned lectures scored higher on a later recall test than similar students who watched uncaptioned ones.Students who watched captioned lectures scored higher on a later recall test than similar students who watched uncaptioned ones.
A claim about memory needs a comparison of recall between captioned and uncaptioned viewing. Preference, software quality and legal requirements measure something else entirely.A claim about memory needs a comparison of recall between captioned and uncaptioned viewing. Preference, software quality and legal requirements measure something else entirely.
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A cinema recorded attendance across four screenings: 88, 142, 96, and 74. Which statement is supported?A cinema recorded attendance across four screenings: 88, 142, 96, and 74. Which statement is supported?
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Answer: The best-attended screening drew nearly twice as many people as the worst-attended one.The best-attended screening drew nearly twice as many people as the worst-attended one.
The best-attended screening drew 142 and the worst 74, and 74 doubled is 148 — close enough that "nearly twice" holds. Attendance did not rise each time, the 74 figure defeats the third choice, and the four screenings total 400.The best-attended screening drew 142 and the worst 74, and 74 doubled is 148 — close enough that "nearly twice" holds. Attendance did not rise each time, the 74 figure defeats the third choice, and the four screenings total 400.
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Text 1 argues that shorter opening hours would save a museum money without reducing visits, since most arrive at midday. Text 2 reports that at a comparable museum, cutting the first opening hour reduced total visits by 4 percent, mostly among people arriving before work. Text 2 primarilyText 1 argues that shorter opening hours would save a museum money without reducing visits, since most arrive at midday. Text 2 reports that at a comparable museum, cutting the first opening hour reduced total visits by 4 percent, mostly among people arriving before work. Text 2 primarily
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Answer: identifies a group Text 1's reasoning leaves out.identifies a group Text 1's reasoning leaves out.
Text 1 reasons from where most visitors are; Text 2 shows the minority at the edges is not zero. That is an omission, not a confirmation or a call to extend hours.Text 1 reasons from where most visitors are; Text 2 shows the minority at the edges is not zero. That is an omission, not a confirmation or a call to extend hours.
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Notes: A community choir formed in 2016. It had 18 members then and 74 now. It rehearses weekly. It has performed at 40 events. The student wants to emphasize the choir's growth in membership. Which choice best uses the notes?Notes: A community choir formed in 2016. It had 18 members then and 74 now. It rehearses weekly. It has performed at 40 events. The student wants to emphasize the choir's growth in membership. Which choice best uses the notes?
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Answer: The choir has grown from 18 members at its founding in 2016 to 74 today.The choir has grown from 18 members at its founding in 2016 to 74 today.
Growth is a change, so both membership figures must appear. A single current number shows size, not growth.Growth is a change, so both membership figures must appear. A single current number shows size, not growth.
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A council argues that its new recycling bins increased recycling rates. Which finding would most weaken the argument?A council argues that its new recycling bins increased recycling rates. Which finding would most weaken the argument?
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Answer: A regional recycling campaign ran across all neighboring councils during the same period, and their rates rose by a similar amount.A regional recycling campaign ran across all neighboring councils during the same period, and their rates rose by a similar amount.
A comparable rise without the bins shows the bins were not needed to produce it. Cost, handling and the unit of measurement leave the causal claim untouched.A comparable rise without the bins shows the bins were not needed to produce it. Cost, handling and the unit of measurement leave the causal claim untouched.
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A journal began publishing the reviewer comments alongside each accepted article. In the following two years, the number of submissions was unchanged, but the average time reviewers spent on a report rose by a third. Which choice is best supported?A journal began publishing the reviewer comments alongside each accepted article. In the following two years, the number of submissions was unchanged, but the average time reviewers spent on a report rose by a third. Which choice is best supported?
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Answer: Reviewers wrote more carefully once their comments would be published.Reviewers wrote more carefully once their comments would be published.
Time spent per report rose while everything else stayed constant, and publication is the only change reported. Submission quality, payment and discouragement are not measured — indeed submissions were unchanged.Time spent per report rose while everything else stayed constant, and publication is the only change reported. Submission quality, payment and discouragement are not measured — indeed submissions were unchanged.
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A city introduced a deposit on drink containers. Litter surveys found far fewer containers on the streets, while the total weight of street litter was almost unchanged. Which choice best states the central idea?A city introduced a deposit on drink containers. Litter surveys found far fewer containers on the streets, while the total weight of street litter was almost unchanged. Which choice best states the central idea?
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Answer: The scheme changed what the litter consisted of rather than how much of it there was.The scheme changed what the litter consisted of rather than how much of it there was.
One measure moved and the other did not, which is a change in composition. The scheme did reduce container litter, so it did not fail entirely, and nothing in the text suggests protest or gives containers' share of the total.One measure moved and the other did not, which is a change in composition. The scheme did reduce container litter, so it did not fail entirely, and nothing in the text suggests protest or gives containers' share of the total.
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A teacher argues that handing back marked work within two days improves later performance. Which finding would most strongly support the argument?A teacher argues that handing back marked work within two days improves later performance. Which finding would most strongly support the argument?
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Answer: Classes given work back within two days scored higher on later assessments than comparable classes given it back later.Classes given work back within two days scored higher on later assessments than comparable classes given it back later.
A claim about later performance needs a comparison of later performance between fast and slow return. Preference, workload and common practice measure something else.A claim about later performance needs a comparison of later performance between fast and slow return. Preference, workload and common practice measure something else.
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A museum began offering a printed floor plan at the entrance. Average visit length was unchanged, but the number of rooms an average visitor entered rose from four to seven. Which choice is best supported?A museum began offering a printed floor plan at the entrance. Average visit length was unchanged, but the number of rooms an average visitor entered rose from four to seven. Which choice is best supported?
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Answer: Visitors spent less time in each room they entered.Visitors spent less time in each room they entered.
The same total time spread over more rooms means less time per room; that follows arithmetically. Visit length is explicitly unchanged, and the text says nothing about confusion or about first-time visitors.The same total time spread over more rooms means less time per room; that follows arithmetically. Visit length is explicitly unchanged, and the text says nothing about confusion or about first-time visitors.
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A bookshop recorded sales in four categories one month: fiction 310, history 145, science 190, and poetry 55. Which statement is supported by the data?A bookshop recorded sales in four categories one month: fiction 310, history 145, science 190, and poetry 55. Which statement is supported by the data?
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Answer: History and science together outsold fiction.History and science together outsold fiction.
History and science together sold 145 + 190 = 335, against fiction's 310. Poetry's 55 is the lowest figure, poetry itself falls below 100, and the four categories total 700.History and science together sold 145 + 190 = 335, against fiction's 310. Poetry's 55 is the lowest figure, poetry itself falls below 100, and the four categories total 700.
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Text 1 argues that naming a street after a person is the cheapest form of public memorial. Text 2 reports that renaming a street costs residents and businesses an average of $400 each in changed documents and signage. Text 2 primarilyText 1 argues that naming a street after a person is the cheapest form of public memorial. Text 2 reports that renaming a street costs residents and businesses an average of $400 each in changed documents and signage. Text 2 primarily
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Answer: shifts where the cost falls rather than denying that one exists.shifts where the cost falls rather than denying that one exists.
Text 1 measures cost to the authority; Text 2 measures cost to residents. The disagreement is about whose cost counts, not about whether renaming is cheap in the abstract.Text 1 measures cost to the authority; Text 2 measures cost to residents. The disagreement is about whose cost counts, not about whether renaming is cheap in the abstract.
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Notes: A repair shop opened in 2019. It repaired 240 items in its first year and 1,100 in 2024. It employs four people. Around 15 percent of items brought in cannot be repaired. The student wants to emphasize the growth in the shop's workload. Which choice best uses the notes?Notes: A repair shop opened in 2019. It repaired 240 items in its first year and 1,100 in 2024. It employs four people. Around 15 percent of items brought in cannot be repaired. The student wants to emphasize the growth in the shop's workload. Which choice best uses the notes?
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Answer: Repairs rose from 240 in the shop's first year to 1,100 in 2024.Repairs rose from 240 in the shop's first year to 1,100 in 2024.
Growth in workload needs both figures. Staffing, failure rate and opening year are true and describe something else.Growth in workload needs both figures. Staffing, failure rate and opening year are true and describe something else.
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A council claims its new street lighting reduced night-time collisions. Which finding would most weaken the claim?A council claims its new street lighting reduced night-time collisions. Which finding would most weaken the claim?
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Answer: Night-time traffic volume on the lit streets fell by a third over the same period.Night-time traffic volume on the lit streets fell by a third over the same period.
Fewer vehicles would produce fewer collisions whether or not the lighting helped, which supplies an alternative explanation. Running costs, brightness complaints and record-keeping leave the causal claim untouched.Fewer vehicles would produce fewer collisions whether or not the lighting helped, which supplies an alternative explanation. Running costs, brightness complaints and record-keeping leave the causal claim untouched.
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A publisher moved its submission deadline from December to March. The number of manuscripts received was unchanged, but the proportion sent back for basic formatting errors fell by half. Which choice is best supported?A publisher moved its submission deadline from December to March. The number of manuscripts received was unchanged, but the proportion sent back for basic formatting errors fell by half. Which choice is best supported?
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Answer: Writers used at least some of the extra time to prepare their submissions more carefully.Writers used at least some of the extra time to prepare their submissions more carefully.
The volume held steady while preparation quality improved, and the only reported change is the extra time. The second choice contradicts the unchanged count, and the requirements are not said to have changed.The volume held steady while preparation quality improved, and the only reported change is the extra time. The second choice contradicts the unchanged count, and the requirements are not said to have changed.
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